diff --git a/src/arcaea_offline/utils/formatters/__init__.py b/src/arcaea_offline/utils/formatters/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3c27b5d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/arcaea_offline/utils/formatters/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+from .play_result import PlayResultFormatter
+from .rating_class import RatingClassFormatter
diff --git a/src/arcaea_offline/utils/formatters/play_result.py b/src/arcaea_offline/utils/formatters/play_result.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c8d97db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/arcaea_offline/utils/formatters/play_result.py
@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+from typing import Any, Literal, overload
+
+from arcaea_offline.constants.enums import (
+    ArcaeaPlayResultClearType,
+    ArcaeaPlayResultModifier,
+)
+from arcaea_offline.constants.play_result import ScoreLowerLimits
+
+
+class PlayResultFormatter:
+    SCORE_GRADE_FORMAT_RESULTS = Literal["EX+", "EX", "AA", "A", "B", "C", "D"]
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def score_grade(score: int) -> SCORE_GRADE_FORMAT_RESULTS:
+        """
+        Returns the score grade, e.g. EX+.
+
+        Raises `ValueError` if the score is negative.
+        """
+        if not isinstance(score, int):
+            raise TypeError(f"Unsupported type {type(score)}, cannot format")
+
+        if score >= ScoreLowerLimits.EX_PLUS:
+            return "EX+"
+        elif score >= ScoreLowerLimits.EX:
+            return "EX"
+        elif score >= ScoreLowerLimits.AA:
+            return "AA"
+        elif score >= ScoreLowerLimits.A:
+            return "A"
+        elif score >= ScoreLowerLimits.B:
+            return "B"
+        elif score >= ScoreLowerLimits.C:
+            return "C"
+        elif score >= ScoreLowerLimits.D:
+            return "D"
+        else:
+            raise ValueError("score cannot be negative")
+
+    CLEAR_TYPE_FORMAT_RESULTS = Literal[
+        "TRACK LOST",
+        "NORMAL CLEAR",
+        "FULL RECALL",
+        "PURE MEMORY",
+        "EASY CLEAR",
+        "HARD CLEAR",
+        "UNKNOWN",
+        "None",
+    ]
+
+    @overload
+    @classmethod
+    def clear_type(
+        cls, clear_type: ArcaeaPlayResultClearType
+    ) -> CLEAR_TYPE_FORMAT_RESULTS:
+        """
+        Returns the uppercased clear type name, e.g. NORMAL CLEAR.
+        """
+        ...
+
+    @overload
+    @classmethod
+    def clear_type(cls, clear_type: int) -> CLEAR_TYPE_FORMAT_RESULTS:
+        """
+        Returns the uppercased clear type name, e.g. NORMAL CLEAR.
+
+        The integer will be converted to `ArcaeaPlayResultClearType` enum,
+        and will return "UNKNOWN" if the convertion fails.
+
+        Raises `ValueError` if the integer is negative.
+        """
+        ...
+
+    @overload
+    @classmethod
+    def clear_type(cls, clear_type: None) -> CLEAR_TYPE_FORMAT_RESULTS:
+        """
+        Returns "None"
+        """
+        ...
+
+    @classmethod
+    def clear_type(cls, clear_type: Any) -> CLEAR_TYPE_FORMAT_RESULTS:
+        if clear_type is None:
+            return "None"
+        elif isinstance(clear_type, ArcaeaPlayResultClearType):
+            return clear_type.name.replace("_", " ").upper()  # type: ignore
+        elif isinstance(clear_type, int):
+            if clear_type < 0:
+                raise ValueError("clear_type cannot be negative")
+            try:
+                return cls.clear_type(ArcaeaPlayResultClearType(clear_type))
+            except ValueError:
+                return "UNKNOWN"
+        else:
+            raise TypeError(f"Unsupported type {type(clear_type)}, cannot format")
+
+    MODIFIER_FORMAT_RESULTS = Literal["NORMAL", "EASY", "HARD", "UNKNOWN", "None"]
+
+    @overload
+    @classmethod
+    def modifier(cls, modifier: ArcaeaPlayResultModifier) -> MODIFIER_FORMAT_RESULTS:
+        """
+        Returns the uppercased clear type name, e.g. NORMAL CLEAR.
+        """
+        ...
+
+    @overload
+    @classmethod
+    def modifier(cls, modifier: int) -> MODIFIER_FORMAT_RESULTS:
+        """
+        Returns the uppercased clear type name, e.g. NORMAL CLEAR.
+
+        The integer will be converted to `ArcaeaPlayResultModifier` enum,
+        and will return "UNKNOWN" if the convertion fails.
+
+        Raises `ValueError` if the integer is negative.
+        """
+        ...
+
+    @overload
+    @classmethod
+    def modifier(cls, modifier: None) -> MODIFIER_FORMAT_RESULTS:
+        """
+        Returns "None"
+        """
+        ...
+
+    @classmethod
+    def modifier(cls, modifier: Any) -> MODIFIER_FORMAT_RESULTS:
+        if modifier is None:
+            return "None"
+        elif isinstance(modifier, ArcaeaPlayResultModifier):
+            return modifier.name
+        elif isinstance(modifier, int):
+            if modifier < 0:
+                raise ValueError("modifier cannot be negative")
+            try:
+                return cls.modifier(ArcaeaPlayResultModifier(modifier))
+            except ValueError:
+                return "UNKNOWN"
+        else:
+            raise TypeError(f"Unsupported type {type(modifier)}, cannot format")
diff --git a/src/arcaea_offline/utils/formatters/rating_class.py b/src/arcaea_offline/utils/formatters/rating_class.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..38065b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/arcaea_offline/utils/formatters/rating_class.py
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+from typing import Any, Literal, overload
+
+from arcaea_offline.constants.enums import ArcaeaRatingClass
+
+
+class RatingClassFormatter:
+    abbreviations = {
+        ArcaeaRatingClass.PAST: "PST",
+        ArcaeaRatingClass.PRESENT: "PRS",
+        ArcaeaRatingClass.FUTURE: "FTR",
+        ArcaeaRatingClass.BEYOND: "BYD",
+        ArcaeaRatingClass.ETERNAL: "ETR",
+    }
+
+    NAME_FORMAT_RESULTS = Literal[
+        "Past", "Present", "Future", "Beyond", "Eternal", "Unknown"
+    ]
+
+    @overload
+    @classmethod
+    def name(cls, rating_class: ArcaeaRatingClass) -> NAME_FORMAT_RESULTS:
+        """
+        Returns the capitalized rating class name, e.g. Future.
+        """
+        ...
+
+    @overload
+    @classmethod
+    def name(cls, rating_class: int) -> NAME_FORMAT_RESULTS:
+        """
+        Returns the capitalized rating class name, e.g. Future.
+
+        The integer will be converted to `ArcaeaRatingClass` enum,
+        and will return "Unknown" if the convertion fails.
+        """
+        ...
+
+    @classmethod
+    def name(cls, rating_class: Any) -> NAME_FORMAT_RESULTS:
+        if isinstance(rating_class, ArcaeaRatingClass):
+            return rating_class.name.lower().capitalize()  # type: ignore
+        elif isinstance(rating_class, int):
+            try:
+                return cls.name(ArcaeaRatingClass(rating_class))
+            except ValueError:
+                return "Unknown"
+        else:
+            raise TypeError(f"Unsupported type: {type(rating_class)}, cannot format")
+
+    ABBREVIATION_FORMAT_RESULTS = Literal["PST", "PRS", "FTR", "BYD", "ETR", "UNK"]
+
+    @overload
+    @classmethod
+    def abbreviation(
+        cls, rating_class: ArcaeaRatingClass
+    ) -> ABBREVIATION_FORMAT_RESULTS:
+        """
+        Returns the uppercased rating class name, e.g. FTR.
+        """
+        ...
+
+    @overload
+    @classmethod
+    def abbreviation(cls, rating_class: int) -> ABBREVIATION_FORMAT_RESULTS:
+        """
+        Returns the uppercased rating class name, e.g. FTR.
+
+        The integer will be converted to `ArcaeaRatingClass` enum,
+        and will return "UNK" if the convertion fails.
+        """
+        ...
+
+    @classmethod
+    def abbreviation(cls, rating_class: Any) -> ABBREVIATION_FORMAT_RESULTS:
+        if isinstance(rating_class, ArcaeaRatingClass):
+            return cls.abbreviations[rating_class]  # type: ignore
+        elif isinstance(rating_class, int):
+            try:
+                return cls.abbreviation(ArcaeaRatingClass(rating_class))
+            except ValueError:
+                return "UNK"
+        else:
+            raise TypeError(f"Unsupported type: {type(rating_class)}, cannot format")
diff --git a/src/arcaea_offline/utils/rating.py b/src/arcaea_offline/utils/rating.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 9d2d539..0000000
--- a/src/arcaea_offline/utils/rating.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
-from typing import Optional
-
-RATING_CLASS_TEXT_MAP = {
-    0: "Past",
-    1: "Present",
-    2: "Future",
-    3: "Beyond",
-    4: "Eternal",
-}
-
-RATING_CLASS_SHORT_TEXT_MAP = {
-    0: "PST",
-    1: "PRS",
-    2: "FTR",
-    3: "BYD",
-    4: "ETR",
-}
-
-
-def rating_class_to_text(rating_class: int) -> Optional[str]:
-    return RATING_CLASS_TEXT_MAP.get(rating_class)
-
-
-def rating_class_to_short_text(rating_class: int) -> Optional[str]:
-    return RATING_CLASS_SHORT_TEXT_MAP.get(rating_class)
diff --git a/src/arcaea_offline/utils/score.py b/src/arcaea_offline/utils/score.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 394055f..0000000
--- a/src/arcaea_offline/utils/score.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,46 +0,0 @@
-from typing import Any, Sequence
-
-SCORE_GRADE_FLOOR = [9900000, 9800000, 9500000, 9200000, 8900000, 8600000, 0]
-SCORE_GRADE_TEXTS = ["EX+", "EX", "AA", "A", "B", "C", "D"]
-MODIFIER_TEXTS = ["NORMAL", "EASY", "HARD"]
-CLEAR_TYPE_TEXTS = [
-    "TRACK LOST",
-    "NORMAL CLEAR",
-    "FULL RECALL",
-    "PURE MEMORY",
-    "EASY CLEAR",
-    "HARD CLEAR",
-]
-
-
-def zip_score_grade(score: int, __seq: Sequence, default: Any = "__PRESERVE__"):
-    """
-    zip_score_grade is a simple wrapper that equals to:
-    ```py
-    for score_floor, val in zip(SCORE_GRADE_FLOOR, __seq):
-        if score >= score_floor:
-            return val
-    return seq[-1] if default == "__PRESERVE__" else default
-    ```
-    Could be useful in specific cases.
-    """
-    return next(
-        (
-            val
-            for score_floor, val in zip(SCORE_GRADE_FLOOR, __seq)
-            if score >= score_floor
-        ),
-        __seq[-1] if default == "__PRESERVE__" else default,
-    )
-
-
-def score_to_grade_text(score: int) -> str:
-    return zip_score_grade(score, SCORE_GRADE_TEXTS)
-
-
-def modifier_to_text(modifier: int) -> str:
-    return MODIFIER_TEXTS[modifier]
-
-
-def clear_type_to_text(clear_type: int) -> str:
-    return CLEAR_TYPE_TEXTS[clear_type]
diff --git a/src/arcaea_offline/utils/search_title.py b/src/arcaea_offline/utils/search_title.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 4b22e1e..0000000
--- a/src/arcaea_offline/utils/search_title.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-import json
-from typing import List, Optional
-
-
-def recover_search_title(db_value: Optional[str]) -> List[str]:
-    return json.loads(db_value) if db_value else []
diff --git a/tests/utils/test_formatters.py b/tests/utils/test_formatters.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3e35832
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/utils/test_formatters.py
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+import pytest
+
+from arcaea_offline.constants.enums import (
+    ArcaeaPlayResultClearType,
+    ArcaeaPlayResultModifier,
+    ArcaeaRatingClass,
+)
+from arcaea_offline.utils.formatters.play_result import PlayResultFormatter
+from arcaea_offline.utils.formatters.rating_class import RatingClassFormatter
+
+
+class TestRatingClassFormatter:
+    def test_name(self):
+        assert RatingClassFormatter.name(ArcaeaRatingClass.PAST) == "Past"
+        assert RatingClassFormatter.name(ArcaeaRatingClass.PRESENT) == "Present"
+        assert RatingClassFormatter.name(ArcaeaRatingClass.FUTURE) == "Future"
+        assert RatingClassFormatter.name(ArcaeaRatingClass.BEYOND) == "Beyond"
+        assert RatingClassFormatter.name(ArcaeaRatingClass.ETERNAL) == "Eternal"
+
+        assert RatingClassFormatter.name(2) == "Future"
+
+        assert RatingClassFormatter.name(100) == "Unknown"
+        assert RatingClassFormatter.name(-1) == "Unknown"
+
+        pytest.raises(TypeError, RatingClassFormatter.name, "2")
+        pytest.raises(TypeError, RatingClassFormatter.name, [])
+        pytest.raises(TypeError, RatingClassFormatter.name, None)
+
+    def test_abbreviation(self):
+        assert RatingClassFormatter.abbreviation(ArcaeaRatingClass.PAST) == "PST"
+        assert RatingClassFormatter.abbreviation(ArcaeaRatingClass.PRESENT) == "PRS"
+        assert RatingClassFormatter.abbreviation(ArcaeaRatingClass.FUTURE) == "FTR"
+        assert RatingClassFormatter.abbreviation(ArcaeaRatingClass.BEYOND) == "BYD"
+        assert RatingClassFormatter.abbreviation(ArcaeaRatingClass.ETERNAL) == "ETR"
+
+        assert RatingClassFormatter.abbreviation(2) == "FTR"
+
+        assert RatingClassFormatter.abbreviation(100) == "UNK"
+        assert RatingClassFormatter.abbreviation(-1) == "UNK"
+
+        pytest.raises(TypeError, RatingClassFormatter.abbreviation, "2")
+        pytest.raises(TypeError, RatingClassFormatter.abbreviation, [])
+        pytest.raises(TypeError, RatingClassFormatter.abbreviation, None)
+
+
+class TestPlayResultFormatter:
+    def test_score_grade(self):
+        assert PlayResultFormatter.score_grade(10001284) == "EX+"
+        assert PlayResultFormatter.score_grade(9989210) == "EX+"
+        assert PlayResultFormatter.score_grade(9900000) == "EX+"
+
+        assert PlayResultFormatter.score_grade(9899999) == "EX"
+        assert PlayResultFormatter.score_grade(9843717) == "EX"
+        assert PlayResultFormatter.score_grade(9800000) == "EX"
+
+        assert PlayResultFormatter.score_grade(9799999) == "AA"
+        assert PlayResultFormatter.score_grade(9794015) == "AA"
+        assert PlayResultFormatter.score_grade(9750000) == "AA"
+
+        assert PlayResultFormatter.score_grade(9499999) == "A"
+        assert PlayResultFormatter.score_grade(9356855) == "A"
+        assert PlayResultFormatter.score_grade(9200000) == "A"
+
+        assert PlayResultFormatter.score_grade(9199999) == "B"
+        assert PlayResultFormatter.score_grade(9065785) == "B"
+        assert PlayResultFormatter.score_grade(8900000) == "B"
+
+        assert PlayResultFormatter.score_grade(8899999) == "C"
+        assert PlayResultFormatter.score_grade(8756211) == "C"
+        assert PlayResultFormatter.score_grade(8600000) == "C"
+
+        assert PlayResultFormatter.score_grade(8599999) == "D"
+        assert PlayResultFormatter.score_grade(5500000) == "D"
+        assert PlayResultFormatter.score_grade(0) == "D"
+
+        pytest.raises(ValueError, PlayResultFormatter.score_grade, -1)
+        pytest.raises(TypeError, PlayResultFormatter.score_grade, "10001284")
+        pytest.raises(TypeError, PlayResultFormatter.score_grade, [])
+        pytest.raises(TypeError, PlayResultFormatter.score_grade, None)
+
+    def test_clear_type(self):
+        assert (
+            PlayResultFormatter.clear_type(ArcaeaPlayResultClearType.TRACK_LOST)
+            == "TRACK LOST"
+        )
+        assert (
+            PlayResultFormatter.clear_type(ArcaeaPlayResultClearType.NORMAL_CLEAR)
+            == "NORMAL CLEAR"
+        )
+        assert (
+            PlayResultFormatter.clear_type(ArcaeaPlayResultClearType.FULL_RECALL)
+            == "FULL RECALL"
+        )
+        assert (
+            PlayResultFormatter.clear_type(ArcaeaPlayResultClearType.PURE_MEMORY)
+            == "PURE MEMORY"
+        )
+        assert (
+            PlayResultFormatter.clear_type(ArcaeaPlayResultClearType.EASY_CLEAR)
+            == "EASY CLEAR"
+        )
+        assert (
+            PlayResultFormatter.clear_type(ArcaeaPlayResultClearType.HARD_CLEAR)
+            == "HARD CLEAR"
+        )
+        assert PlayResultFormatter.clear_type(None) == "None"
+
+        assert PlayResultFormatter.clear_type(1) == "NORMAL CLEAR"
+        assert PlayResultFormatter.clear_type(6) == "UNKNOWN"
+
+        pytest.raises(ValueError, PlayResultFormatter.clear_type, -1)
+        pytest.raises(TypeError, PlayResultFormatter.clear_type, "1")
+        pytest.raises(TypeError, PlayResultFormatter.clear_type, [])
+
+    def test_modifier(self):
+        assert PlayResultFormatter.modifier(ArcaeaPlayResultModifier.NORMAL) == "NORMAL"
+        assert PlayResultFormatter.modifier(ArcaeaPlayResultModifier.EASY) == "EASY"
+        assert PlayResultFormatter.modifier(ArcaeaPlayResultModifier.HARD) == "HARD"
+        assert PlayResultFormatter.modifier(None) == "None"
+
+        assert PlayResultFormatter.modifier(1) == "EASY"
+        assert PlayResultFormatter.modifier(6) == "UNKNOWN"
+
+        pytest.raises(ValueError, PlayResultFormatter.modifier, -1)
+        pytest.raises(TypeError, PlayResultFormatter.modifier, "1")
+        pytest.raises(TypeError, PlayResultFormatter.modifier, [])